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来源：彩神ap客户端2022-09-12 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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农村疫情防控和农业稳产保供两手抓、两手都要硬******

　　光明网1月7日讯今天下午，国务院联防联控机制就农村地区疫情防控有关情况举行发布会，农业农村部农村合作经济指导司副司长、一级巡视员毛德智在会上表示，人民至上、生命至上，民以食为天，农村地区的疫情防控和农业稳产保供必须两手抓、两手都要硬。

　　毛德智表示，农业农村部高度重视，早部署、早准备、早安排，近期专门召开了全国电视电话会议，对于农业生产稳产保供、农村地区疫情防控，作出了具体部署，特别是对节日期间全国肉蛋奶等“菜篮子”产品的生产供应，作出了安排和部署。

　　他介绍，近期重点抓了三个方面：一是抓好生产。抓紧南菜北运基地和北方设施蔬菜生产，合理安排品种结构和种植规模，因地制宜地发展一些速生菜、芽苗菜。同时抓好畜禽水产养殖，不同地区及时调剂余缺，保证市场供应。二是顺畅流通。优化通行保障措施，畅通“菜篮子”产品以及农资农机等等重要物资的运输通道，严格落实鲜活农产品运输“绿色通道”政策，保证“菜篮子”产品运输车辆便捷通行。积极推进产区和销区对接。三是压实责任。首先是落实好“菜篮子”市长负责制，加强监测预警，合理引导市场预期。健全应急保供体系，分级制定应对措施，确保一旦出现特殊情况能够及时启动应急机制，保证供给充足。在这个基础上，还特别加强农产品质量安全监管，保证大家既要吃得上、吃得好，还要吃得放心、吃得安全。

　　毛德智表示，在做好这三个方面工作的同时，农村地区疫情防控工作专班近期还派出了29个调研督导组，主要是调研督导各地农村地区疫情防控情况和农业稳产保供的情况。

　　从调研情况来看，各地在抓农村疫情防控和稳产保供方面，都采取了统筹措施，有一系列的具体安排。从全国面上的情况来看，目前生猪、蔬菜等重点“菜篮子”产品生产和上市流通基本正常，冬小麦、油菜处于越冬期，农业稳产保供是有保障的。同时指导和动员基层及早做好预案，一旦疫情比较严重的时候，将通过组织动员农业社会化服务组织，以及新型农业经营主体、农民合作社等，为农民群众开展代耕代种、代养代管、施肥打药等托管服务，引导基层农民群众邻里之间开展相互帮助等措施，确保不误农时，抓好农业生产。

　　“下一步，农业农村部还将会同有关部门细化应急保供工作预案，提早谋划做好农药、肥料等等农资需求调度，确保春耕备耕有序进行。”毛德智说。（战钊）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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